Can You Experience Wrist Discomfort With High Blood Pressure Reading

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Text А Acute Osteomyelitis

In this text we shall talk over the signs and symptoms of acute osteomyelitis, an infectious suppurative disease affecting bones.

Osteomyelitis is generally caused by Staphylococcus, which reaches the basic via the blood stream from a afar focus, often a throat infection. Its rise was particularly sharp during World State of war II, particulary in 1942-46 when the lack of due antibiotics made the disease uncured.

The illness more often than not affects the upper end of tibia or lower end of femur. The infection is followed by intense reaction, with pus formation in the marrow spaces. From there the suppuration spreads along the marrow cavity and also through the cortex, to erupt on the surface and form a subperiosteal abscess. In some cases the marrow cavity is widely involved; in others, on the contrary, at that place is a big subperiosteal abscess, but piddling or no pus within the bone.
Nearly always part of bone becomes necrotic, due to the toxic effect of pus under tension and to obliteration by the subperiosteal abscess of the periosteal vessels supplying the bone cortex. The main ntitrient artery itself may be thrombosed, leading to necrosis of the major part of the bone.
Acute osteomyelitis by and large affects children, particularly if in poor health, later an infectious fever. Sometimes there is a history of small injury to the part a few days before the onset of acute symptoms.
In a typical instance the onset is sudden. Then pain and inflammation of the bone are accompanied by marked toxaemia. The temperature rises, often to 103° or 104° F, the confront is flushed and the tongue is furred. The leucocyte count rises to twenty.000 or more than. Delirium is frequent. The hurting is astringent. The limb is held immobile. The skin over the inflamed region is hot and cherry-red, and dilated veins may be evident. Slight superficial edema appears early. Localising signs develop early in the case of a superficial os such as the tibia, later if the bone is deeply placed.
Astute osteomyelitis is a dangerous disease, particularly when it affects a deep-seated bone, such as the upper finish of the femur, pelvis or vertebrae. In those who survive the acute phase the illness ofttimes persists as chronic

osteomyelitis. Somewhen complete restoration of functions and general health

will be expected in most cases, when appropriate treatment is applied.

Упражнение vii. Прочтите и переведите текст А Абзац 5 переведите письменно.

1. What kind of diseases is osteomyelitis. 2. When was its rise specially ■harp? Why?iii.What is osteomyelitis caused by?4.Where does the infec- not localize? 5. What is the course of the illness? vi. How does the thsease begin in a typical case? seven. Does the disease persist as a chronic 1 or is complete restoration of functions and general health possible?

Упражнение 9. Переведите данные предложения. Определите, какой частью речи являются выделенные слова.

ane. The disease mostly affects the upper end of tibia or lower end of lemur. ii. The infection is followed past intense reaction, with pus formation in the marrow spaces. 3. Almost always part of the bone becomes necrotic, due to the toxic effect of pus under the tension. four. The main nutrient artery itself may be thrombosed. 5. In those who survive the

acute stage the illness often persists every bit chronic osteomyelitis.

Упражнение 10. Найдите в каждом абзаце предложения, выражающие основную мысль данного абзаца. Выпишите их.

Упражнение 11. Найдите в каждом ряду слово, синонимичное по значению первому слову ряда.

i. distant - obvious, remote, far-away, distinct, close; 2. to involve - to invent, to include, to invite, to affect; 3. to spread — to become over, to divide, to distribute, to encompass, to besprinkle; 4. onset - attack, get-go, procedure, turning-point; v. astringent — low, brusk-plow, astute, chronic; six. region — locality, district, area, part, segmentation

Упражнение 12. Найдите в каждом ряду слово, противоположное по шачению первому слову ряда.

1. acute — dye, due, tedious, dry; 2. small-scale — main, general, major, important; three. evident — unclear, obscure; 4. appropriate - unsuitable, unfitting, common; 5. deeply — above, exterior, superficially

Упражнение 13. Поставьте глаголы-сказуемые в форму действительного залога.

1. Acute osteomyelitis is generally acquired by Staphylococcus aureus. 2. The infection was followed by intense reaction with pus formation in the marrow spaces. 3. After hospitalization he was prescribed appropriate handling at habitation by his family medico. 4. The wound will be dressed past her every 2nd twenty-four hours.

Упражнение 14. Переведите следующие предожения на английский язык письменно.

one. Ее отправили в больницу два дня назад. 2. Доктор сказал, что нужна срочная операция. three. При остеомиелите поражаются кости. 4. Гипсовую повязку снимут через три дня. 5. Рана зажила и больному разрешили двигаться, 6. При остеомиелите в костном мозге образуется гной.

Часть II

Слова к части II

fracture ['fraektfa] п перелом siteп место (расположение) impairment ['daemidft] vповреждать; п

повреждение tear [tea] vрвать, разрывать prompt [promt]а быстрый heal [hi:fifty] vизлечивать; заживлять healing ['hi:lir)] nизлечивание; заживление relationship [ri'leijnfip] nвзаимоотношения accomplish [d'komplij] vвыполнять,

завершать, достигать degree [di'gri:] nстепень tender ['tenda] а болезненный tendernessnболезненность bruise [bru:z] nсиняк, кровоподтек bruisingnпосинение swellingnопухание, опухоль drain [bli:d] vкровоточить bleedingnкровотечение dress [dres] vбинтовать dressingnповязка

Упражнение 1. Прочтите и переведите следующие слова.

communication, position, to restore, correct, to protect, irregularly, especially, to prepare

Упражнение 2. Найдите в данном ряду слово, значение которого дано в начале ряда.

one. повреждать (наноситьущерб) — to wound, to hurt, to damage, to impairment; ii. заживлять - to cure, to restore, to heal, to treat; iii. выполнять (завершать) — to fulfil, to complete, to terminate; 4. рвать, ранить — to split up, to lacerate, to tear

Упражнение three. Назовите корневые слова, от которых образованы данные производные, и переведите их на русский язык.

1. relation, relationship, relative, relatively; two. tenderly, tenderness, tender-hearted; 3. swelling, swelled; 4. dressed, dressing

>пражнение iv. Прочтите текст В'(Ю мин). i) Скажите, какие типы пере- шмов описаны в тексте. two) Найдите в тексте предложения с глаголом- казуемым в действительном и страдательном залоге. Укажитевремяска- |усмого. 3) Переведитепредложения.

Text ВFractures

A fracture is a broken os. In that location may be different types of fractures. A airtight or simple fracture results from an injury which breaks a os without causing any external wound at the site of the break. In case of ,m open or compound fracture in that location is a wound of the skin at the site of i he fracture, and this will let advice between the outside air .md the broken bone, therefore it is «open up». When the abrupt ends of a broken bone damage an internal organ such as the brain or lungs, this is known every bit «complicated fracture».

In chemical compound fractures early and prompt healing with skilful function will exist obtained only past early on repositions in correct position. This is necessary non only to restore the os structures, only to identify the soft parts in human relationship for correct function too. All compound fracture patients must be protected against movement, musculus spasm, and loss of position. This is achieved past fixation of fracture fragments in plaster of Paris casts¹ or in any other way. Frequent dressing of wounds in compound fractures is unnecessary.

What are the symptoms and signs of a fracture? Stupor is ever present in some degree with whatsoever fracture. Sometimes it may be severe. Pain and lendemess at the site of fracture is quickly followed past bruising and neating. Haemorrhage is frequent in case of an open fracture. Irregularity on the surface of the bone may also exist seen, e.g. on the collar-bone or the bone of an arm. In an open fracture the ends of the cleaved bone may be sticking out of the wound. A person'due south leg which was broken may be turned underneath him with the human foot turned round the wrong way. The bones of the leg may be aptitude in a place where at that place is a joint, e.one thousand. betwixt the knee and the pes if both bones of the leg are broken.

Kickoff-help handling of fracture. Lay the patient down. This will lessen shock. If there is a fracture of the skull raise the patient'south caput and shoulders a little and support them. Stop bleeding if the fracture is open, and employ a dressing. In all open fractures in that location is some haemorrhage, just it can generally be stopped by putting on a dressing. If bleeding continues, information technology is necessary to use indirect pressure, especially if the bleeding is from an artery.

Prepare the damaged part so that any movement by the patient cannot crusade the cleaved bone to motility, as this will increase the deformity, cause slap-up hurting and brand shock worse.

Notes

one. plaster of Paris cast гипсоваяповязка

Упражнение 6. Найдите в тексте предложения, более полно выражающие мысль данных суждений, и прочтите их.

1. In that location may be different types of fractures: closed, open up, complete. two. In chemical compound fractures early healing may be obtained. 3. Compound fracture patients must be protected against movement. iv. Haemorrhage should exist stopped. v. Fix the damaged part.

Упражнение 7.ПередайтеосновноесодержаниетекстаВ.

Часть III

Контрольно-обобщающие упражнения к уроку 15

Упражнение 1. Укажите, в каких предложениях глагол стоит в страдательном залоге.

1. The bones of the leg were bent between the knee and the foot. 2. In all open fractures in that location is some bleeding. 3. Roentgenograms revealed new bone germination. 4. The fractures are caused by direct violence and indirect violence. 5. Pain and tenderness in the bone were followed by bruising. 6. Thepatient'slegwasheldimmobill.

(Ответ: 1, 4, v, half dozen. Если вы ошиблись, повторите § 4 Грамматического справочника.) )

Упражнение two. Определите, в каких предложениях глаголtobeявляется: а) частью страдательного залога; б) глагрлом-связкой.

1. If the limb is distorted consult a traumatologist. 2. In patients with broken bones in an arm or paw the affected limb is secured to the torso with bandages. iii. One of the patients was a boy of ten with complaints of pain in both arms. iv. It was necessary to employ plaster of Paris cast at once. 5. The bleeding was stopped by putting on a dressing. half dozen. The diagnosis of a complicated fracture was made and the girl was directed to the traumatological section. seven. Doctor N. was particularly attentive to the man with a comlicated fracture.

(Ответ: a) 1,2, 5, half-dozen; б) 3, 4, 7. Если вы ошиблись, повторите § 15 Грамматического справочника.)

Упражнение iii. Выберите правильные значения выделенных слов.

1. They dreamed of(мечтали, виделивосне) becoming surgeons later on they graduated from the Institute. 2. They learned(учить, изучать, узнавать) that their group would brainstorm their practical studies on Friday. 3. Their practical studies in surgery volition begin at the surgical section (кафедра, факультет, отдел, отделение).

LESSON SIXTEEN

CORONARY Eye DISEASES

Повторение:ВременагруппыPerfect (Active and Passive Vocalism) (§§ 12, fourteen)

Часть I

Слова к части I

decease [deO] n смерть

obstacle [ab strAkJn] n препятствие

recover [ri'kAva] 5 выздоравливать

recovery nвыздоровление

notice ['noutisj v замечать; отмечатьexperience [iks'piarians] northward опыт; случай; переживание; five испытыватьestimate ['estimeit] v считать; оценивать

estimation[ esti'meijn] n оценкаailment ['eilmgnt] due north заболеваниеchief [tfi:f] аглавныйillness nзаболевание, болезнь

Упражнение 1. Найдите глаголы-сказуемые в следующих предложениях. Определитеихвремяизалог.

i. The marked increment in patients entering emergency rooms in hospitals has resulted in a need for increasing facilities in almost every infirmary. ii. The patient was examined for an injury to his leg which had been broken in an automobile accident. three. Iv weeks after the deep abrasions of the thigh were skin grafted. 4. If a bone in the forearm is cleaved the splint must reach above the elbow and extend below the wrist. 5. For thousands of years mankind had accumulated noesis in surgery, but real development in this field of medicine started simply in

the 19th century. 6. By the end of the calendar week nosotros shall have explored surgically the posterior tibial artery.

Упражнение 2. Образуйте two пары предложений от данных ниже: а) с глаголом-сказуемым в PresentPerfect (Active, Passive); б) с глаголом- сказуемым в PastPerfect (Active, Passive) согласно образцу.

Образец: The nurse (to wearing apparel) the patient's wound.

The nurse has dressed the patient's wound. The patient'south wound has been dressed past the nurse.
The nurse had dressed the patient'south wound. The patient's wound had been dressed past the nurse.

1. The teacher (to demonstrate) open up fracture of the thorax. 2. The md (to examine) the boy with osteomyelitis. iii. He (to apply) plaster of Paris cast. iv. The students (to come across) patients with a complicated fracture.

Упражнение 3. Прочтите и переведите следующие слова и словосочетания.

centre, coronary, contraction, approximately, surface, diabetic, per cent, angina pectoris, obesity, fortunately, degenerative, severity

Упражнение 4. Запомните значение суффикса -ness. Образуйте существительные от следующих прилагательных согласно модели и переведите их.

Прилагательное + -ness= существительное со значением качества или состояния: acuteострый —acutenessострота. ill, sick, excessive, distinctive, calm

■»

Упражнение 5. Прочтите и переведите следующие гнезда слов.

1. to good — experience, experienced; 2. to die — death, deadly, dying; 3. to cease — cessation, incessant; iv. to obstruct — obstructive, obstruction; 5. to recover - recovery, recoverable

Упражнение 6. Прочтите и переведите следующие словосочетания.

to recover sight (hearing, phonation, one'southward breath, consciousness); expressionless- born; to experience hurting; an obstruction in the throat

^ пражнение vii. Просмотрите текст А и изложите основные факты текста.

Text A Coronary Middle Disease

i. The coronary claret vessels surrounding the heart accept derived their n.ime from the fact that they encircle the heart like a crown, or corona. I hese vessels transport nigh a half pint of blood every minute over the nrface of the centre. Any sudden blockage of one of the coronary arteries deprives that section of the heart of its blood supply. Cardiac cells dice, heart contractions may finish, and circulation may come to a standstill. If i coronary artery is completely plugged, the condition is. called a coronary occlusion'or heart at- _Ql. tack. The vascular pathologic

disorder itself has been very variable. If the obstacle is only partial or in ane of the smaller coronary tributaries, prompt treatment often leads to the individual's recovery. An occlusion in chief coronary arteries is very serious and may cause

Fig. 14.Coronary arteries supplying the heart._{sudden decease 0t}her causes

of the coronary disease in- lude heavy physical exercise, crumbling, diatetic habits, obesity, smoking, or hypertension.

Pain which had been developed in the center may exist due to a blood - ilow deficiency in the coronary vessels. This is referred to (actually felt in) i he left arm and shoulder. Such pain from the heart has been chosen mgina pectoris. Angina pectoris may not really exist noticed until the \sork load is too peachy in relation to the menstruum in the coronary vessels. Teople who had experienced it repeatedly often do not experience pain unless i hey experience potent emotion. Others experience it much of the time.
Fortunately, the great bulk of coronary disease patients will have recovered and have been able to lead active, useful lives, when i hey receive proper treatment nether practiced medical supervision. At that place ire many preparations which take been effective and are under clinical investigation at the present time. ь

Heart and Artery Diseases

Superi< vena с

Left

coronary artery

Might oronary utery

4. Heart and artery diseases accept been presently the number one health problem in the world. Cardiovascular ailments are by far the main

causes of illness, disability, and death among both eye-aged and ! elderly people. Among these, coronary heart disease, affliction of the claret ' vessels supplying the middle, is responsible for the greatest number of deaths (over 50 per cent of all cardiovascular diseases). Causes of other cardiovascular affliction deaths, in club of decreasing importance, are stroke and hypertension. These three diseases are responsible for more fourscore per cent of all cardiovascular disease deaths.

Like cancer and emphysema, heart diseases appear to be related to the extension of the average life span. Sure factors are definitely involved in the high incidence of heart disease - the stress, diets high in saturated fats, the tendency toward obesity with historic period, lack of sufficient'¹physical practise, and thje incidence of smoking. These factors announced to chronicle to a college incidence of heart desease than in societies lacking | these characteristics. ^iv v 1 • ^ ;
The severity and danger of foe fine art and avenue diseases which nosotros had^ previously described cannot be fninimized; a disease in an arm or leg may cripple a person, only a illness of the centre may atomic number 82 to his death.

Упражнение 9. Прочтите и переведите текст А. Абзацы 2 и 3 переведите \ письменно.

1. What kinds of cardiovascular diseases have been discribed in text A? 2. What does the sudden blockage of the coronary avenue result in? three. What are the conditions caused by coronary occlusion? four. What is ^mangina pectoris? What do people experience in this condition? v. Why heart and avenue diseases have been recently the number 1 health Щproblem in the globe? / ■ _;, » ; t

I l1 ^one (->' i ;

Упражнение eleven. Составьте письменно план текста А.

Упражнение 12. Передайте основную мысль абзацев iv и 5 текста А одним— двумя предложениями.

Упражнение 13. Вставьте подходящие по смыслу слова в данные предложения:fortunately, approximately, also.

one. ..., the cracking bulk of coronary disease patients recover and are able to lead agile, useful lives if they receive proper treatment under ] good medical supervision. 2. ... one fourth of all deaths in the globe result from coronary artery disease. 3. ... it is estimated that more

' ; Lesson 16^ 179

ane out of every ten persons suffers some caste of insufficiency of blood supply to the heart.

Упражнение 14. Дайте синонимы к следующим словам. ' ^ j fj / to cease, obstruction, disease, serious, bulk

Упражнение 15. Прочтите и переведите текст. Объясните употребление

глагольных времен и залога.

• • •

Twenty patients with arterial occlusion have been treated past organizationatic infusions since May. In many of these patients the obstruction had been present for so long_> that irreversible changes, had already taken

Place. / 'tend сOJ<-

Obstruction in eleven patients was of more than twenty-four-hours' duration and in four was more than forty-eight hours old.

Simply eight patients were treated within twenty-iv to thirty hours of l he onset of the obstacle. Of these five (62 per cent) had complete return of circulation. Render of circulation usually occurred after x to (welve hours of continuous intravenous therapy. It became apparent that even though improvement was obtained by 1 course of handling, this did non assure a permanent response. The reasons for this are probably multiple and include: ane) a nidus of thrombus may remain on which complete rethrombosis can develop and 2) intimal damage remains as a source of rethrombosis. For these reasons nosotros take repeated treatment for two to three days with the expectation that all thrombus will be eradicated and

the vessel wall will have a take a chance to repair itself.

Часть 2

Слова к части 2

meanvзначить, означать meaningп значение result [rizAlt] v (from)быть результатом

displace [dis'pleis] vперемещать believe [bi'li:five] vполагать, считать suffer ['sAfe] v (from)страдать

weakа слабый weakenvослаблять rupture ['rAptfa] nразрыв; vразрывать

bleeding ['hemsridj] nкровотечение; vкровоточить

Упражнение 1. Найдите корневые слова, от которых образованы данные производные, и переведите их на русский язык.

normally, presented, often, increasing, imbalance, excessive, weakened

¹ /

Упражнение 2. Прочтите текст В (10 мин). 1) Назовите симптомы гипертонии. 2) Найдите предложения с глаголом-сказуемым в действительном и страдательном залоге в формеPerfect.Укажите время, которым выражены сказуемые. 3) Переведите эти предложения.

TextВ Hypertension

Hypertension merely ways high blood force per unit area. As a normal heart pumps claret through the trunk, a sure caste of pressure is excreted { against the blood vessels. With each beat out of the left ventricle, a moving ridge ol pressure level starts at the heart and travels along the arteries. This moving ridge is called the pulse. The pulse tin be felt on whatsoever arteries that are close to the surface of the body, such as on the wrist, the sides of the throat ancf' the temple. The pulse results from the blood pressure. The blood prescertain at the moment of wrinkle is the systolic pressure level; it should normally be sufficient to displace almost 120 miji. mercury in a glass tube. The blood pressure level at the moment of relaxation of the heart is the diastolic pressure; information technology commonly displaces about80 mm. of mercury. Blood pressure readings, which have been frequently taken during a general physical exam are presented as a ratio of the first effigy over the second.

Nigh physiologists accept considered a blood pressure level reading of 150/90 every bit excessive. This tin be considered a useful definition of high blood presstire.

Hypertension is very common. It is believed that about ane out of every five individuals has suffered from it and that almost 13 per cent of all deaths take been a direct result of it. Hypertension has become more mutual with increasing historic period and affects men about twice as oft as women.

In about 90 per cent of the known cases, it has been described equally essential hypertension, a hereditary condition. In other cases it may be due to the removal of a kidney, kidney disease, excessive narrowing of the arteries, hormone imbalance, or excessive salt in the diet.

Hypertension is damaging for two reasons: 1) it puts an excess piece of work load on the centre and the left ventricle in detail; ii) the arteries may exist damaged by excessive pressure. A hypertensive patient tends to develop cardiovascular ailments much sooner than a person who had not suffered from hypertension.

'I i ■ i

This loftier blood pressure in the arteries causes a hardening (sclerosis) of blood vessels all over the torso. The vessels become weakened; clots tend to form in them much more than hands; some vessels rupture and haemorrhage. Hence bleeding in the vessels of the encephalon (cerebral haemorrhage) and vessels of the kidneys volition accept been particularly destructive.

Упражнение 4. Найдите в тексте В предложения, более полно выражающие мысль данных суждений, и прочтите их вслух.

one. The pulse results from the claret pressure and tin can exist measured. 2. At that place is systolic and diastolic force per unit area. 3. Hypertension is very commonday. 4. The causes of hypertension may be dissimilar. five. Hypertension is damaging for two reasons. six. Hypertensive patients take tended to develop cardiovascular ailments.

Упражнение 5. ПередайтеосновноесодержаниетекстаВписьменно, использоваввкачествепланапредыдущееупражнение.

Часть Iii

Контрольно-обобщающие упражнения к уроку 16

Упражнение one. Укажите, в каких предложениях глагол-сказуемое стоит во временах группы Perfect. J

'1 - - Г \

ane. Cardiomyopathy has been defined equally «acute, subacute, or chronic disorder of heart musculus of unknown or obscure etiology». 2. Apart from discomfort in his chest he had no history suggestive of myocardial infarction or angina. 3. A patient with a femoral artery embolus had marked temporary improvement in apportionment. iv. The elapsing of treatment has been increased to a maximum of 16 hours in our patients. 5. The arterial occlusion had recurred by the next morning time.

(Ответ: ane, 4, 5. Если вы ошиблись, повторите §§ 12, xiv Грамма- гического справочника.)

Упражнение ii. Укажите, в каких предложениях глагол-сказуемое стоит в форме страдательного залога.

1. The patient was admitted to the infirmary with essential hypertension. two. The woman responded slowly to diuretic therapy. three. A loud heart-sound was audible at the mitral area. 4. The patient has been maintained for a yr without farther episodes of centre-failure. 5. The left ventricle was grossly dilated with very poor movements of all areas. 6. Gross mitral incompetence had not been suspected clinically previously.

(Ответ: 1, 4, 5, 6. Если вы ошиблись, повторите § fourteen Грамматического справочника.)

Упражнение three. Переведите данные гнезда слов на английский язык.

one. опыт, испытывать, опытный; 2. умирать, смерть, умерщвлять, смертельно; 3. прекращать, прекращение, непрерывный; iv. непроходимость (закупорка), мешающий, закупоривать; v. выздороветь, выздоровление

LESSON SEVENTEEN

RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS

Повторение:ВременагруппыContinuous (Agile and Passive Voice) (§§ 11, fourteen)

Часть I

Слова к части I

pneumonia [nju:'mounja] nпневмония bronchitis [broo'kaitis] nбронхит irritation[ iri'teijn] nраздражение prominent ['prominant] а важный, существенный irritable ['irritsbl] а раздражительный, раздражимый receive [northward'si:v] vполучать

Упражнения

Упражнение 1. Навдите сказуемые в следующих предложениях. Определите их время и залог.

one. All command patients were receiving oxygen over a menses of two hours.

In order to analyse the changes in recumbent B.P. (blood pressure) later the analgetic injections, the patients have been considered in two groups.
8 or 9 patients who were being injected pentazocine for ten minutes showed a rise of B.P. four. Other studies accept suggested that pentazocine produces less sedation than the narcotics. 5. The patient had signs of severe congestive failure due to aortic insufficiency. 6. When the bellboy physician entered the ward, patient P. was being injected aminophylline intravenously.

Can You Experience Wrist Discomfort With High Blood Pressure Reading

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